In biology, the BBCH-scale for maize describes the phenological development of maize using the BBCH-scale.
The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of maize are:
| Growth stage | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 0: Germination | 00 | Dry seed (caryopsis) |
| 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition | |
| 03 | Seed imbibition complete | |
| 05 | Radicle emerged from caryopsis | |
| 06 | Radicle elongated, root hairs and/or side roots visible | |
| 07 | Coleptile emerged from caryopsis | |
| 09 | Emergence: coleoptile penetrates soil surface (cracking stage) | |
| 1: Leaf development1, 2 | 10 | First leaf through coleoptile |
| 11 | First leaf unfolded | |
| 12 | 2 leaves unfolded | |
| 13 | 3 leaves unfolded | |
| 1 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 19 | 9 or more leaves unfolded | |
| 3: Stem elongation | 30 | Beginning of stem elongation |
| 31 | First node detectable | |
| 32 | 2 nodes detectable | |
| 33 | 3 nodes detectable | |
| 3 . | Stages continuous till . . . | |
| 39 | 9 or more nodes detectable3 | |
| 5: Inflorescence emergence, heading | 51 | Beginning of tassel emergence: tassel detectable at top of stem |
| 53 | Tip of tassel visible | |
| 55 | Middle of tassel emergence: middle of tassel begins to separate | |
| 59 | End of tassel emergence: tassel fully emerged and separated | |
| 6: Flowering, anthesis | 61 | Male: stamens in middle of tassel visible Female: tip of ear emerging from leaf sheath |
| 63 | Male: beginning of pollen shedding Female: tips of stigmata visible |
|
| 65 | Male: upper and lower parts of tassel in flower Female: stigmata fully emerged |
|
| 67 | Male: flowering completed Female: stigmata drying |
|
| 69 | End of flowering: stigmata completely dry | |
| 7: Development of fruit | 71 | Beginning of grain development: kernels at blister stage, about 16% dry matter |
| 73 | Early milk | |
| 75 | Kernels in middle of cob yellowish-white (variety-dependent), content milky, about 40% dry matter | |
| 79 | Nearly all kernels have reached final size | |
| 8: Ripening | 83 | Early dough: kernel content soft, about 45% dry matter |
| 85 | Dough stage: kernels yellowish to yellow (variety dependent), about 55% dry matter | |
| 87 | Physiological maturity: black dot/layer visible at base of kernels, about 60% dry matter | |
| 89 | Fully ripe: kernels hard and shiny, about 65% dry matter | |
| 9: Senescence | 97 | Plant dead and collapsing |
| 99 | Harvested product |
1 A leaf may be described as unfolded when its ligule is visible or the tip of next leaf is visible
2 Tillering or stem elongation may occur earlier than stage 19; in this case continue with principal growth stage 3
3 In maize, tassel emergence may occur earlier, in this case continue with principal growth stage 5
Lancashire, P.D.; H. Bleiholder, P. Langeluddecke, R. Stauss, T. van den Boom, E. Weber, A. Witzen-Berger (1991). "An uniform decimal code for growth stages of crops and weeds". Ann. Appl. Biol. 119 (3): 561–601.. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1991.tb04895.x.
Weber, E.; H. Bleiholder (1990). "Erläuterungen zu den BBCH-Dezimal-Codes für die Entwicklungsstadien von Mais, Raps, Faba-Bohne, Sonnenblume und Erbse - mit Abbildungen". Gesunde Pflanzen 42: 308–321.
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